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The phenomenon in question is the depopulation of large irrigation communities in the lower Salt River Valley (henceforth the lower Salt) by the middle of the 15th century (all dates A.D.). We demonstrate the importance of cascading changes in these relationships, affecting the rationality of land-use decisions that cumulatively resulted in population loss, decreasing organizational complexity, and the end of enduring material culture patterns. Anthropology has much to offer studies of socioenvironmental crises that can disrupt long-term ecological relationships (van der Leeuw 2009 van der Leeuw and Redman 2002). Our model presents a fine-grained view of the relationships among active, informed people and their environment that transcends their portrayal as hapless victims. The model we propose for the lower Salt River Valley incorporates multiple lines of evidence and resolves numerous problems inherent in past explanations. We argue that explanation must consider both social and ecological factors that played out over the course of more than a century. The Hohokam case has been invoked in prominent discussions of collapse (Diamond 2005 Krech 2000 Lawler 2010 Redman 1999 Tainter 1988 Wilcox 2010), and our own research is mischaracterized in at least one example (Ross 2011). Multiple hypotheses have been proposed with varying levels of support, but all have been plagued by contradictions, or fail to offer adequate explanation of the broad phenomena at issue. 1200–1450) Hohokam society remains a challenge for anthropologists. Despite generations of research, understanding the decline of Classic period (A.D. These include the destruction of the archaeological record that holds clues to similar problems in the past. Phoenix and its suburbs are rapidly growing cities with looming social and environmental concerns. These entail in-state residency rates and scholarship opportunities to further incentivize and assist them in the academic process.Buried beneath Phoenix, Arizona, are the remains of a once prosperous irrigation society known to archaeologists as “Hohokam” and to local Native peoples (the Akimel O’odham and the Tohono O’odham ) as “Huhugkam.” Phoenix is the largest American city north of Mexico underlain by such extensive remains predating European contact, and was so named in hopes that a new civilization would “rise from the ashes” of the ancient. This agreement immediately eliminates the “league fee” for all AAAA student-athletes enrolled at Snow College.ĪAAA student-athletes will also have access to Snow College personnel and resources. Under this model, players provided an annual league fee covering the costs of day-to-day expenses associated with junior college football. The HJCAC roughly resembles the old Western States Football League (WSFL) which Snow College used to belong to.įor the past two years, the HJCAC has operated under a “league fee” model. Snow College and the AAAA have provided a way for Hohokam Junior College Athletic Conference schools to have access to both synchronous and asynchronous online education via Snow College.

PHOENIX-Tuesday, Snow College and the Athletic Advancement Association of America have announced a collective partnership to provide access to education for student-athletes in Arizona.